Cyber-Physical Systems

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By-Alen Gupta, BCA- 4^th sem , 1^st Shift

INTRODUCTION: THERE has been a number of milestones in the development of computer technology and information technology. Mainframe computers appeared in 1960s-1970s. In 1980s-1990s, Internet and desktop computers able to deal with personal and commercial business were created. Around 2000 appeared pervasive computation to conduct calculation at any time or place. All these events have fundamentally influenced the development of information society. At present, many experts from various fields are paying close attention to the emergence of a new engineering system, cyber-physical systems (CPS). CPS are multidisciplinary systems to conduct feedback control on widely distributed embedded computing systems by the combination of computation, communication and control technologies. They are transformation and integration of the existing network systems and traditional embedded systems. Through integration, CPS is able to realize the real-time, safe, reliable and dynamic collaboration with physical systems represented by the embedded system. Physical system data acquisition modules collect data by distributed field devices in CPS system and guarantee the real-time capability and accuracy of the collected data. They pass data to the information processing layer according to the demands of services and complete given tasks by information processing technologies such as data uncertainty management, statistical signal processing, data security processing and feedback control. CPS has a wide range of applications, such as digital medical instruments and systems adopting automatic acquisition and control technology, distributed energy systems, aerospace and aircraft control, industrial control and so on. CPS can also bring huge economic benefits and will eventually bring fundamental change to the function of existing engineering physical systems.

Characteristics: CPS interact with the physical system through networks, the end system of CPS is normally traditional centralized tightly coupled embedded computing system, which contains a large number of physical systems composed of intelligent wireless sensors net. Therefore, CPS maintains following characteristics:

1.     Physical System is the Most Important Field of CPS.
2.     Information System is the Core of CPS
3.     CPS is the Product of Integration of Heterogeneous Systems.
4.     CPS has Requirements of Security, Real-time Capability, and Predictability.

TECHNICAL RESEARCHES: Scientific CPS composition must be a new system architecture pattern which is composed of hierarchical systems including components and subsystems, service quality theory, agreements and modelling language and tools that can analyze, integrate and simulate different components. Computation theory should be able to handle feedback control of real-time systems based on event-driven which suit the asynchronous dynamic event processing of different time scale. The world CPS researchers are just in their beginning. Since CPS is the integration of multidisciplinary heterogeneous systems, without a unified global model, CPS researches are carried out by experts in various areas from the perspective of applications in their own field. At present, CPS researchers mainly focus on studies of system architecture, information processing and software design.

 CONCLUSION: CPS will cover various aspect of social and economic life, bring wide influence and lead the comprehensive development of computer science as well as other subjects. However, limited by the existing theory and technology of computation, communications and control technology, the development of CPS is also facing big challenges. Breakthrough in CPS key technology will enable our country take the world’s leading position in CPS development so that we can independently set our own standard and to push the national social and economic development.