Artificial Intelligence

by 11:32 0 comments

By- Taniya Sharma, BCA 1^st year, 1^st shift

Artificial intelligence also known as machine intelligence is an ability of a machine to think on its own or to achieve the desired goal at its own. Since 1956, from origin of AI, it has developed so far that AI has become an integral part to our lives. AI is also defined as ‘research agents’ i.e. any device that perceives its environment and take actions that maximise its chance of fully achieving the goal given. Colloquially, the term ‘artificial intelligence’ is applied when a machine can perform those functions which a human mind can perform with other human.

Existence of AI born at a workshop at Dartmouth college, in 1956. Allen Newell, Herbert Simon, John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky and Arthur Samuel produced a program for a machine that can solve algebraic problems, proving logical theorems and which can speak English. In early 1980s, an expert system was produced for AI, which was capable of having analytical skills of a human being. With passing years AI was able to perform large functions like data mining, statistical data performance and many other complications which results, in 2010, the great demand of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is based upon the following figures (i.e. the functions to be performed by AI) reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, natural language processing, perception and the ability to move and manipulate object. Reasoning can be resembled as the way a human being solves a puzzle by applying step by step logics, AI must be capable of doing a procedure. Knowledge representation is the central pillar of AI, a machine is expected to solve problems in which AI need to represent to know: object, properties, categories and relation between object, situation, event, stage and time, cause, effect and many other. AI must be able to set and achieve goals which includes planning, learning is a fundamental concept of AI, which in terms of computer is defined as study of computer algorithms that improve automatically through experience. Natural language processing gives AI the ability to understand the human language. Perception is to take inputs through sensors.

Tools on which AI works are as follows: search and optimisation, logic, probabilistic method for uncertain reasoning, classifier and statistical learning methods, artificial neural language. Among them the most important is artificial neural language. As like a human brain carries information in neurons and save them, AI also have its own neuron system in which it stores information manipulate it and saves it. Earlier AI was inspired by Lisp and Prolog language but in recent AI uses python or C++ or niche languages such as Wolframe language.

The burgeon Artificial intelligence is a nitty-gritty for today’s scenario. Everything have its pros and cons hence; the AI contains its advantages and disadvantages with it. With accelerating growth of AI, it is used in many fields as medical treatment in many medical hospitals with almost no mistake, AI is also used in automobile, many companies like Tesla, google, apple etc. are making driverless cars using AI, finance and economics (basically for investigation), in video games AI is purposefully to used to generate dynamic behaviour of non-player characters and many more.

Once Stephen hawking said “the development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of human race. Once human develop artificial intelligence, it will take off on its own and redesign itself at an ever-risking rate. Humans, who are limited by slow biological evolution, couldn’t compete and would be superseded.”. this statement in itself defines the black part of artificial intelligence.AI in future may lead to be the reason of devaluation of humanity, decreasing in demand of human labour, artificial moral agent is also a serious issue, this describes the ethics of a machine with humans and other AI agents, many philosophies said that AI can neither designed nor guaranteed to be benevolent, it is a question to be asked that what will happen if AI will be able to get human consciousness? Of course, it will lead to destruction. Having said that I would like to say that gaining excellence par excellence and making technology an ease and essence of life is good but excess of everything is catastrophic.