By - Kshitij Chawla, BCA 2nd sem, 2nd Shift.
"I
propose a question, Can Machines Think". - Alan Turing
Well today inspired by
his question I’m gonna talk about Artificial Intelligence.
Artificial Intelligence
has been growing faster than we think. It has already made its place in our
daily life.
For Example – Every time
we Google something some kind of artificial intelligence is being used to give
us the best result, Every time you asked Siri question natural language processing
and speech recognition is being used, Google Translate is becoming more and
more faster than ever before by gaining past knowledge stored in the databases,
Automated cars etc.
What is Artificial
Intelligence??
"Every aspect of
learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely
described that a machine can be made to stimulate it. An attempt will be made
to find how to make machines use language, form abstractions and concepts,
solves kind of problems now reserved for humans and improve themselves."
In other words Artificial
Intelligence is a machine with the ability to solve problems that are usually
done by us humans with our natural intelligence.
Changing our Lives
It will change our lives
entirely. It will change the way we thinks of now, the way we look at things
and change the way we do our work. It has the potential to bring revolution in
our lives and forever changing our humanity.
The original 7 Aspects of
A.I. (1955)
1) Simulating higher
functions of the human brain.
2) Programming a computer
to use a general language.
3) Arranging hypothetical
neurons in a manner so that they can form concepts.
4) A way to determine and
measure problems complexity.
5) Self-improvement.
6) Abstraction: Defined
as the quality of dealing with ideas rather than events.
7) Randomness and
creativity.
The most important
factors of intelligence are generalization learning that is learning that
enable the learner to be able to perform better in situations not previously
encountered.
Few examples of
Artificial Intelligence-
Machine learning,
Computer Vision, Natural language processing, Robotics, Pattern recognition
etc.
Different types of
Artificial Intelligence in terms of approach For example strong Artificial
Intelligence and weak Artificial Intelligence. Strong Artificial Intelligence
is simulating human brains by building systems that think and in the process
give us an insight into how the brain works, we're nowhere the stage yet.
Well AI is a system that
behaves like a human but doesn't give us an insight how the brain works.
IBM's deep blue a chess
playing Artificial Intelligence was an example, it processed millions of move
before it made any actual moves on the chessboard.
There's actually a new
kind of middle Artificial Intelligence between strong and weak Artificial Intelligence,
this is where a system is inspired by human reasoning but doesn't have to stick
to it.
IBM's Watson is an
example- like humans it reads a lot of information recognizes pattern and
builds up evidence to say "Hey I’m X percent confident that this is the
right solution to the question.
What is Machine learning??
Machine learning refers
to algorithms that enable software to improve its performance over time as more
data is entered this is programming by input-output examples rather than just
coding so that this makes more sense. Let me give you an example - A programmer
would have no idea how to make a computer that differentiates between a dog and
a cat, but he can create a program with a form of intelligence that can learn
to do so if the programmer gives the program enough image data and information
about them and lets it process and learn, Then after when you give the program
an image of a of a dog or cat that program has never seen before, it would be
able to tell if it's a dog or cat by observing the whiskers of a cat or you can
say nose of a dog or anything else that differentiates a dog from a cat.
How do Machines learn??
They are just like us as
we learn from examples of things and repeated practices and repeated practice
and examples are key to machine learning as well. Scientists expose a system to
examples of behavior we want to have and those examples are going to teach it.
It's going to learn from those examples how to do something.
The field of intelligence
has been moving extremely quickly in the last few years. Artificial
Intelligence is going to be more impactful than the invention of personal
computer and the spread of mobile phones in your pocket.
Idea of artificial
intelligence is not new, it's been around since the very earliest days of
computing. It's a grand project to build machines that are intelligent, who can
think and act on their own.
The most promising approach though is the area
of machine learning rather than trying to embody machines with everything the
need to know up front, rather we want to enable them to learn how to learn so
that they can learn from their observations and experiences of the world and to
make possible set of outputs based on those observations.
Well now answering to
Alan Turing question I can say that Artificial Intelligence can think, can
react and work on its own. It has power to change the world and views of the
people about how they think about the world.
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